Introduction to the Development of Travel + Tourism Free Essays

1. Changing Socio-Economic Circumstances:- The first changes in socio-economic circumstances were when the industrial revolution took place. People were moving from the rural countryside into the bigger towns and cities to find regular employment in the factories, mills and mines. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to the Development of Travel + Tourism or any similar topic only for you Order Now All over England work places were shutting down for a week (wakes week this was called). They were taking a paid holiday which was the first big break for most of the working population. People suddenly had an increase in leisure time to do more things with their family and friends; this is because the working hours in a week were dramatically cut from around 45+ to sometimes below 40. The raise in wages meant that more people could do things and go places further a field. They took weekend breaks and short holidays more often as well and also they had budgeting for a week’s holiday which they could plan ahead for and get the time off through their employers. By the 1960’s there was a huge rise in teen holidays, these holidays were very popular with people between the ages of 18-30. It became part of culture for young people to go off abroad on new package deal holidays. They would go out drinking and after a night in a pub or bar they would go back to their hotel rooms with a young girl and have ‘no-strings attached’ sex. They would usually go on holiday for the sole reason of drinking and having sex all week. 2. Technological Developments Public transport was vital part in how and where people took their holidays. Mainly in the 1940’s and early 50’s, people used the railway to get to holiday resorts like Blackpool, they would travel mainly from places of work like Manchester, Liverpool, Blackburn etc. By the mid 1950’s the car was becoming more of a major role in public transport and many people took to driving further away than the original holiday resorts of Blackpool, Scarborough, Brighton etc. They travelled to places like Cornwall and Dorset. Some people even braved going abroad to places like Belgium, Holland and France which was unheard of in those days. They drove to big ports like Dover or Ramsgate and caught a ferry across to Europe. The invention of the jet engine then came along and people discovered holidays in the Mediterranean where the weather was always guaranteed to be hot and sunny. People took to going abroad a lot more because of the jet engine and its power to travel further than anything before that. Lastly and most recently became the use of electronic booking and air traffic control so more planes can come and go from an airport more frequently than ever before. The internet is now the easiest, fastest and sometimes cheapest place to book holidays from. It can be done in a matter of minutes. 3. Product Development and Innovation People in Britain only started going on holiday in the 1860’s. The only place they could go to was holiday resorts by the sea like Blackpool, Scarborough etc. If it rained they had to try and entertain their children outside somewhere because they weren’t allowed back to there holiday flats until the evening. A great innovation was brought into light in the 1950’s by a man called Billy Butlin. It was a holiday camp where there was entertainment all week whether indoors because of the rain or outdoors in the sun. Everyone went there year in year out and thousands of people enjoyed a great time every week it was open. Package holidays were the next big thing to come along. Holidays abroad were all fully paid for including flights. When you got there you didn’t have to do anything but relax and enjoy the weather. The hotel cooked food and laid on meals for you and did everything. This was why it’s called a ‘package holiday’. 4. Changing Needs, Expectation and Fashions Annual holidays became fashion throughout Briton. Everyone had to take a holiday as the holiday pay act came into use it was far more acceptable for people to go away. It became a culture and it still is a culture for most people in Britain. People often go on more than one holiday a year now, to places further abroad than the Mediterranean. Some people enjoy actually taking a year out of work or education to go and explore the traditions of places in Europe. Whereas most people like just relaxing, enjoying the sunshine and having a good time. How to cite Introduction to the Development of Travel + Tourism, Papers

Acid Rain1 Essay Example For Students

Acid Rain1 Essay For acid rain to form, several different chemicals must be released into the air. The primary pollutants (sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and hydrocarbons) react with sunlight to create ozone. This produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3.) These acids are stored in clouds, and when it rains, you have acid rain. Another way acid rain can be formed is by the burning of Fossil Fuels. Fossil Fuels are coal and oil from decomposed trees and plant material from thousands of years ago. Fossil Fuels are burned to generate electricity, releasing pollutants into the air. The places which get hit the hardest by acid rain are Norway, Sweden and Canada. But that doesnt mean that they are producing it all. Most pollutants that develop into acid rain come from Canada, Japan, the United States and Western Europe. Today, Britain releases almost as much sulfur dioxide as all of Western Europe combined. Japan is the only country in which power plants are required to reduce nitrogen oxide b y at least 75%, but the U.S. also has new pollution standards. These require that all new cars have a convertor to reduce the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons by as much as 96%. As I already said, acid rain does not always fall where it is produced. Often, the clouds that the acids are stored in get blown thousands of miles away. Acid can be transported not only by clouds, but by fog, gases, mist and dust as well. All rain has a natural acid in it, that would be there even if we had never polluted the earth. It is a type of acid from the carbon dioxide already in the air. This natural acid helps dissolve minerals, which lets plants use them more easily. The EPA, or the Environmental Protection Agency, tests water and determines the quality of it. Although they have tested much of the U. S., 78 % of rivers and 33 % of lakes are still to be tested. The EPA also determines if the water they test is dead, impaired, or reasonably clean. Based on state reports, only 15 % of rivers and 38 % of lakes are not impaired. Out of an EPA list of 18,770 impaired water sites, only 529 of them are polluted mostly by toxic point sources. A toxic point source is pollution from just one source, and non-point source pollution is ground run-off from several or many different places. A lake which is dead is a lake with absolutely no life in it whatsoever. By the early 1980s, tens of thousands of lakes were already dead. If acid rain is not stopped, 500,000 lakes will be dead before the year 2000. Acid rain is a major threat to all life everywhere. Measures have been taken to clean the United States water, such as the Clean Water Act, a law passed in 1972. The CWA promised clean water for the entire U. S. by 1983. It has been 12 years since the deadline, but our water is still polluted. Another way to test water is the pH factor, which you could do at home if you had a kit. It measures water and other liquids on a scale 0-14, 0 being the highest acidity and 14 being the lowest. Acid rain does a lot of damage, to animals, nature and even our own stone structures. Aluminum causes song birds to lay thin eggshells, harming the young birds inside in several ways. The coniferous trees in a forest are hit harder than other trees, although they may not show how badly they were hit. In Germany and Sweden, they have to spread lime over lakes to neutralize the acidity. Acid rain is yet another of the many horrible, perhaps unintentional problems that human beings have created. As with many of them, as soon as we realize it is hazardous to us and nature, it is either too late, or we dont know how to stop it. Hopefully we will continue to try to clean up our air and water before its too late. .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .postImageUrl , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:visited , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:active { border:0!important; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:active , .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6e3addc2bbc90299089aeac4414e466e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Lottery, a short story written by Shirley Jackson, is a tale of disturbing evilness Essay Bibliography:Bibliography Cochrane, Jennifer. Water Ecology Bookwright Press New York, NY 1987, p 16. Gay, Kathlyn. Water Pollution Impact 1990, p. 72. Parfit, Michael. Troubled Waters Run Deep National Geographic Magazine. National Geographic Society Vol. 184 No. 5A (Special Edition), 1993, pp. 78, 79, 81, 82, 84. Acid Rain Comptons Encyclopedia. Comptons Learning Co. Chicago, IL Vol. 1 A-Anhui, 1980. Acid Rain Its Effect on Wildlife Wildlife Fact-file Wildlife Fact File Group 11, Card 5, 1992

Diabetes Essays (718 words) - Diabetes, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin

Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes is a very serious disease that attacks millions of people around the world. It can strike at any age and can happen to anyone. Although we are not exactly sure about the causes of diabetes, we believe that it has to do with the body's own immune system attacking and destroying insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Without insulin, the glucose that we need to live, has a hard time entering the cells of the body that need it. If too much glucose builds up in the blood, then a diabetic may begin to have headaches or blurry vision. They may become very thirsty and have dry, itchy skin. If glucose levels go too low, then a diabetic may feel shaky, tired, hungry, confused, or nervous. There are two types of diabetes. They are called Type 1 and Type 2 Some symptoms of diabetes include: excessive thirst; constant hunger; sudden weight loss for no reason; rapid, hard breathing; sudden vision changes or blurry vision; and drowsiness or exhaustion. These symptoms can occur at any time. Type 1 diabetes is more common in Americans then Type 2. It has affected over 1 million Americans with 30,000 more people diagnosed every year (13,000 of those being children). Type 1 diabetes can occur at any age but is most commonly diagnosed during childhood. In Type 1 diabetes, a person's pancreas produces little or no insulin, and because insulin is necessary for life, people with Type 1 diabetes must take several insulin injection shots each day for the rest of their lives. Although insulin allows a person to stay alive, it does not cure diabetes or prevent it's complications. The blood sugar level of the diabetic must be tested several times daily. One this is done by pricking the finger with a special needle and placing the blood into a machine that will carefully read it. This helps balance the glucose in the blood and will help determine how much insulin is needed. Diabetics need to pay careful attention to their diets, exercise, and blood sugar levels in order to stay healthy. Other factors that can affect the blood sugar levels are stressed, periods of growth, dollars for infection, and fatigue as well as their exercise and any changes in their normal schedule. Type 1 diabetes is also called insulin-dependent diabetes. Type 2 diabetes or, non-insulin-dependent diabetes, is different than Type 1 diabetes in one major way. In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas does make insulin, we so it is not needed to be taken separately, but sometimes, not enough insulin is made or the cells ignore the insulin. Because of the sudden rise or fall in blood sugar levels, people with this type of diabetes must also test their blood several times daily and adjust their diets and exercise accordingly. Insulin boosting pills help this type of diabetic maintain consistent blood sugar levels. With good treatment though, insulin levels can return to nor mal. This, however, does not mean that you are cured. You will always have diabetes, but normal levels shows that you are taking care of yourself. A good diet, exercise, and weight loss can help improve the body's use of insulin. A good diet should include low-fat foods, moderate amounts of protein, and lots of foods high in complex carbohydrates, like beans, vegetables, and grains. Exercise helps the body take in glucose. Exercise also lowers glucose levels and plays a major part in treatment. Losing weight is also a major part in treatment. It can also help the body to use insulin more efficiently. The best way to lose weight is to maintain a good exercise program and a healthy eating plan. If a healthy diet is not kept up, then life-threatening complications may arise. These life-threatening complications include: blindness; heart attack; kidney failure; stroke; nerve damage; and amputation. People with diabetes can live a normal, regular life by keeping track of their blood suga r levels. The average life span of a diabetic is 15 years less than people that are not diabetic. This does not mean that they cannot live a normal life. If a diabetic takes care of themself by exercising and eating right, then their life can be

Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Essay Example

Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Essay Example Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Paper Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure Paper In a market that is yet to experience the ingenuity and brilliance of a safe yet potent blood substitute, Biopure Corporation is at the verge of carving a niche segment for itself. Armed with Oxyglobin for the veterinary market and Hemopure for the human market, the company is all set to make a difference. No doubt, the need for a human blood substitute continues to rise, given the number of elective and emergency surgeries that are taking place, the shelf-life of donated blood, and the fear of transmitted diseases such as AIDS. On the other hand, the demand for blood in the veterinary market is not as acute as that of the human market. Nevertheless, the need does exist. The absence of blood substitutes in the field has resulted in veterinarians viewing blood transfusions as the absolute last resort. It is this situation that Biopure’s product will soon address. When will it begin to do so is the question at hand, to which an answer is yet to be found. Welcoming markets? Set against this background, one needs to take a closer look into the situation that Biopure is facing at the moment. Having to swing between the veterinary and human market, the company has got to study both closely. In the case of the human market, blood donation is currently enabling operations and other procedures that require blood. Clearly, this is not adequate for the number of trauma cases that occur in the United States alone in a single year ? 500,000. Add to this the fact that shelved RBCs are only 50% efficient in transporting oxygen. Evidently then, when a product addresses all the above issues and is a cut above its competitors, being the bovine sourced blood substitute that it is, Hemopure’s potential in the human market is enviable and comes nowhere close to that of its competitors. While Hemopure enjoys this position in the human blood market, the veterinary market seems as promising, if not more. In a survey that was conducted merely among 15,000 veterinary practices alone, primary care itself showed gross revenues of $570,000 and emergency care showed revenues of $770,000. This is a clear indication of the opportunity that abounds in this field. The potential size of this market is seen in a second survey conducted on a group of 285 veterinarians and 200 dog owners. Even at a rate of $200, 60 per cent of the veterinarians were willing to opt for Oxyglobin. More interestingly, and an important factor to consider while setting the price for Oxyglobin, is 65% of dog owners were willing to pay $400 for blood transfusions in critical operations. The size of the veterinary market clearly wasn’t going to be a problem for Biopure Corporation. It was large, it was accepting and definitely, it was waiting for the product to release. Painting the present picture†¦ However, Biopure’s success in the human market is largely dependant on a few factors that have been pointed out and wisely at that, by certain employees. To begin with, the problem of what goes before what arises in the case of Hemopure and Oxyglobin. While some at Biopure Corporation are of the opinion that Oxyglobin should hit the market first, some others believe that it would be wiser for Hemopure to be the first to arrive. If Oxyglobin were to be Hemopure’s predecessor, it would cause a series of challenges, the first of which would begin with pricing. While Oxyglobin is priced at a mere $150 per unit, Hemopure is priced at a slightly ambitious $600 to $800 per unit. It could be perceived as a similar product and the high price would be severely debated, causing an unnecessary stir.

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA Thesis

CYBER RIGHTS AND PRIVACY IN SOUTH AFRICA - Thesis Example This is a privacy violation. Another privacy issue is that of electronic surveillance. Because of 9/11, this has become a hot-button issue. How wiretapping occurs, and what procedures are in place to ensure the privacy rights of all involved, are important concerns all over the world. Within the issue of surveillance is that of employer-employee surveillance, and why this is necessary for employers. This paper seeks to understand the privacy issues in South Africa and the United States, and how the laws and statutes in these countries deal with the issue of cyber privacy and electronic surveillance. Another issue that is a concern of this paper are the possible solutions to the data collection problem, concentrating on the United States as it, unlike South Africa, has refused to take substantial proactive steps in curbing the problem. Cyber privacy and electronic surveillance as paramount issues around the world, as the Internet is responsible for great criminal mischief and breaches of privacy. South Africa has an Act that will go a long way towards curbing these abuses. If this Act is successful, other countries might want to emulate it, including the United States. At any rate, nations must be proactive to address these concerns, and this paper will present a multitude of ways that this can happen. The advent of the Internet has brought lots of promise and convenience. It is difficult to imagine living without it. However, it has also brought lots of headaches and problems. The main problems deal with private information, and the fact that companies obtain this information and share it with other companies. (Bergelson, 2003, p. 387) This is a thorny problem, in that the individuals do not even know that this data is being collected, let alone with whom the data is shared. (Schwartz, 2004, p. 2078). This problem also leads to cyber breaches, in which personal information falls into the hands of criminals. (Sprague & Ciocchetti, 2009, p.

Evidence-Based Practice Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evidence-Based Practice - Coursework Example orts nursing and healthcare by exploring what this practice is all about and how it is associated to patients’ care and the value it adds in the process. Evidences are perceived to be different are dependent on geographical conditions, characteristics of healthcare services available, economic situations, and others which make the experiences of patients vary. It is developed that decision making processes in nursing involve defining: (a) outcomes of treatment administered and preventing negative outcomes such as pain, inconvenience, and side effects among others (b) rational treatment alternatives (c) possible positive outcomes of treatment that are beneficial to patients. Thus, the effort to find answers that are linked to the three cases enables good judgments about the nature of treatment recommended. Evidence is used to determine this connection between the outcomes and alternatives in consideration to each patient’s experience (DiCenso et al., 2005: 155-158). Fineout-Overholt et al (2005) explains the evidence-based practice process. As described above, the first step involves asking clinical questions that basically cover the experiences of each patient. This step is considered as one that is most significant and challenging to the nursing profession. That is, if the information gathered is not accurate, the entire process is faulted. The formulation of the questions is said should be searchable and easy to answer comprehensively from research studies, clinical expertise and patients’ experiences. The second step as appreciated above is the search for the best evidence that will answer the question raised in the first step. This question enables nurses or clinicians to identify relevant databases using keywords and also which studies are appropriate to review in terms of their quality strengths. The other step is appraising the reviewed evidence in terms of the significance and validity of their results and the contributions they make to the

The cruise tourism

The cruise tourism INTRODUCTION Although cruise tourism started in the early 1920s, it became more popular in the last half of the 20th century especially for the middle-aged, affluent demographic mainly in North America. It was a way for them to revel in the sun during winter months while avoiding the crowded tourist spots. The industry has since seen tremendous change in fortunes and is now actually the fastest growing sector within the tourism industry with an annual growth rate averaging 8% since 1980 (Robertsen, 2010). The most popular destinations are as follows with the Caribbean taking the lions share at 50%, the Mediterranean 15%, Alaska 8%, the trans-Panama Canal has 6% of the traffic while west Mexico and northern Europe account for 5% and 4%. The South Pacific sees around 2% of the total cruise tourists. Around 80% of all cruise tourists come from North America although that figure is expected to decline as other markets catch up in the coming years. With estimated global revenue of 27 billion US dollar s and carrying approximately 18 million passengers around the globe, the cruise tourism industry is a major income earner for any economy. CRUISE TOURISM IN CHINA Although China currently sees around 10,000 cruise tourists in its ports in a year, the Chinese government is trying to institute measures to see this number go up to 600,000 passengers by the end of 2010 (Zhao, 2010). Some of the major hurdles that are seen as hampering the Chinese market include strenuous customs procedures, cabotage restrictions (a foreign flag ship is not allowed to call on more than a single Chinese port on one itinerary) and restrictions on Chinese cruise companies (Chinese companies cannot currently curry out cruise operations). Several events have helped to market China in the globe as well as increase the tourist numbers. One of them is the 2008 Beijing Olympics. The world financial crisis has also turned the worlds attention to China due to its improved infrastructure. This has benefited both outbound and inbound business numbers. Chinas growing economy and large middle class population is also seen as a target for large cruise ship companies and many of th em are already beginning to make China a key destination. In 2009 the Costa and Royal Caribbean International Cruises made bold moves by making Shanghai their home ports, increasing the travel options for Chinese cruise tourists. In fact the Cruise Industry News online magazine reports that Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all reported double digit growth in the first months of 2010. CRUISE TOURISM IN EUROPE Cruise tourism in Europe in more developed than it is in China mainly because of its established ports and the distribution of income in European economies. G.P Wild report that about 2.5 million European nationals embarked on cruises from European ports (from a total of 2.8 million passengers) in 2005 while 13.1 million passengers visited European ports. They generated about 8.3 billion Euros in revenue, not counting the tremendous effect that the cruise industry has on other industries like ship building, restaurants, hotels and catering, sales and marketing, among others (2007). The cruising industry in Europe has been growing steadily over the years preceding the financial crisis leading to the dropping global share of the cruising traffic held by North America. This is because of the huge potential for cruise tourism in Europe. 3% of the North American population is cruising while it is 1% in Europe. This means that Europe has a greater potential for growth. Also, the new EU cit izens from Eastern Europe are pushing up the demand as their lifestyles continue to change with their changing economic conditions. While cruising was formally the preserve of the middle aged, new products have been introduced that attract children, young adults and even the elderly (Cartwright Baird, 1999). Ultimately, Europe offers the greatest growth potential in the cruise tourism industry. It offers the unique advantage that a large chunk of its population lives relatively near to the sea and so cruise liners see Europe as offering the biggest potential for growth. PERCEPTIONS OF EUROPEAN PASSENGERS In as much as there are many motives for taking a cruise, many traditional European passengers take cruises for reasons that can be summarized as the uniqueness of cruises. The perception of a cruise is that it gives them the opportunity to sample various locations in just one trip. Additionally, there is the common perception that one gets pampered on a cruise, treatment that they would not get anywhere else. Since the vast majority of Europeans have never taken a cruise, it is seen as something new and exciting. There are other opinions on cruising like; one can easily make friends on a cruise, one can shop for a variety of items, it is an opportunity to learn and it is the in thing in tourism right now (Mancini, 2004). Although the opinion of cruise tourism among Europeans is good, there is a problem with its uptake because of some perceptions. Some people view cruising as an activity for the rich. The growth of the industry in China has also been influenced by Chinese consumer behavior. Mr. Qian Yongchan, chairman of China Communications and Transportation Association, summarized the behavior of the Chinese like this: the young and middle aged seek a higher quality of living while large corporations will choose cruise tourism as a means of encouraging their employees or to develop relationships with their clients (2009). The rest of the Chinese population, it seems, is disinterested in this form of tourism. PERCEPTIONS AND BEHAVIOR OF CHINESE TOURISTS CONSUMER PERSEPTIONS Chinas sustained per capita GDP growth which now stands at 3,268 USD has led to the growth of an economically strong, young, middle class who want to enjoy luxury and opulence. Activities that were previously viewed as European are now being demanded. This has seen the growth of the many enterprises including tourism and cruise tourism in particular. Yongchan reports that the number of Chinese cruise tourists reached 93,000 in 2007 (2009). This goes to show that the perception of the Chinese tourist towards cruise tourism is changing. VALUES The modern Chinese tourist has begun to value diversity in their tourist products. Chinese tourists have ventured out of the traditional markets in Taiwan, Europe and North America to go into Africa, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic. Cruise tours offer a good opportunity for them to do so. MOTIVATION The serge in Chinese tourist numbers is being motivated by the new found wealth of the common Chinese people, the growth of the middle class and the opening up of the Chinese market and economy. The Chinese governments increased economic and social obligations in the world are also propelling the Chinese to tour more of the globe. CULTURE EFFECTS The world tourism industry has become more acceptable to the Chinese culture. They now offer products that are not seen as excessive according to Chinese culture. Chinese ingenuity is also having a significant effect on the industry. COMPARISON OF CHINESE AND EUROPEAN CONSUMER BEHAVIOR The modern Chinese tourist does not differ much from the European tourist. Information technology makes certain that both consumers have access to the same information. Popular culture propagated by the media also means that the demands, like and dislikes of both sets of consumers is similar. Nevertheless, the Chinese tourist differs from the European in their experience. Europeans have been at this game for a long time while the market in China is just being opened up. Their expectations also differ in the sense that the Chinese tourist is more conservative than their European counterparts. For example, while casinos may be a big attraction to a European tourist, it may not pull in the crowds in China. POTENTIAL CHINESE MARKET FOR CRUISING The per capita GDP of the main Chinese coastal cities have grown to levels the same as those of medium developed economies. These will provide a strong foundation for passenger liner tourism in the future for Chinas outbound cruise tourism. Its strong economic performance will be another asset (Yongchan, 2009). Chinas diverse and scenic landscape will ensure that tourist numbers keep going up in the future and the plans instituted by the Chinese Transport and Communications Association to improve cruise tourism in the country will also see it rise to one of the top destinations offered by cruise liners (Dervaes, 2003). BENEFITS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHINESE MARKET TO THE EUROPEAN MARKET Will the development of the cruise industry in China help Europe sell cruises to Chinese markets? The simple answer is yes. Development of the industry will not only benefit the Chinese market but Europe, North America and the whole cruise industry. Development of Chinese ports and shipbuilding industry will help the global industry by providing alternatives in the sector; the Chinese market will provide a new bracket of tourists while China itself will be a new destination for cruises from around the world. REFERENCES Cartwright, Rodger Carolyn Baird (1999). The Development and Growth of the Cruise Industry. Woburn, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann Dervaes, Claudine (2003). Selling Cruises. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Dowling, Kingston (2006). Cruise Ship Tourism. Cambridge, MA: CABI Publishing. Golden, Fran W. Jerry Brown (2002). European Cruises Ports of Call. Hungry Minds. Hannafin, Matt Heidi Sarna (2004). Frommers Cruises Ports of Call 2005: From U.S. and Canada Home Ports to the Caribbean, Alaska, Hawaii More. John Wiley Sons. Ludmer, Larry H. (2002). Cruising the Mediterranean: A Guide to the Ports of Call. Montreal, Canada: Hunter Publishing. Mancini, Marc (2004). Cruising: A Guide to the Cruise Line Industry. New York, USA: Cengage Learning. Maxtone-Graham, John (2000). Cruise Savvy: An Invaluable Primer for First Time Passengers. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Maxtone-Graham, John (2001). Liners to the Sun. New York, USA: Sheridan House, Inc. Stern, Steven B. (1997). Sterns Guide to the Cruise Vacation. 7th ed. Pelican Publishing Co. Robertsen, Graeme (2010). Cruise Ship Tourism Industry. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.lighthouse-foundation.org/index.php?id=112L=1 China Hospitality News (2009). Marketing MICE Cruises in China. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.chinahospitalitynews.com/en/2009/01/05/9635-marketing-mice-cruises-in-china/ Yongchang, Qian.(2009). The New Age of China Cruise Industry is Coming. Retrieved 2020-05-05 from http://www.ccyia.com/index.php/industry/viewen/1280 Zhao, Paul (2010).Chinas Cruise Industry is Growing Fast. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://prlog.org/10560599 G.P> Wild (International) Limited and Business Research and Economic Advisers (2007). Contribution of Cruise Tourism to the Economies of Europe Cruise Industry News (2010). Upward Trend for International Tourism. Retrieved 2010-05-05 from http://www.cruiseindustrynews.com/cruise-news/3941-42910-upward-trend-for-international-tourism.html